Is Deciphering a Translator's Job?

(The translations included in this post are intended only for reference purposes and may include mistranslations. The author of this blog is not responsible for any loss or damage arising from them. 
以下の文の訳語には間違いが含まれている可能性があります。本ブログの筆者は、当該間違いによる損害等には一切責任を負いません。) 

Sachiko, who used to work as a translator, has a question. Is word-for-word translation enough? What is the scope of job responsibilities of a translator? Sachiko gave me the following examples to clarify the issue:  

外国子会社合算税制 (gaikoku kogaisha gassan zeisei) -> foreign subsidiary combined tax system
特定外国関係会社 (tokutei gaikoku kankei gaisha) -> a specified foreign affiliated company　 
外国金融子会社等 (gaikoku kinyu kogaisha to) -> a foreign finance subsidiary etc. 
部分対象外国関係会社 (bubun taisho gaikoku kankei gaisha) -> a partial target foreign affiliated company
対象外国関係会社 (taisho gaikoku kankei gaisha) -> an applicable foreign affiliated company

The original Japanese terms are all technical, used in Japanese controlled foreign company ("CFC") rules (i.e., tax related rules) and the English terms were their translation by Google Translate. These are correct on a "word-for-word" basis, i.e., every word of the Japanese terms was translated into English and then, the translated words were put back together to form an English term. The thing is that the English translations don't give us any clue about what they are and translators are often to blame for this. But the real problem is that the original Japanese terms mean nothing either without referring to their definitions or explanations provided in the relevant laws and regulations. The English translations are not understandable not because of poor translation, but the terrible original Japanese terms. So, Sachiko translated not these Japanese words, but their definitions/explanations. The results are as follows:

外国子会社合算税制 -> Japanese controlled foreign company ("CFC") rules

特定外国関係会社 -> a CFC which is a shell company and therefore whose income is fully included in the Japanese parent company's taxable income (hereinafter "a shell CFC")

外国金融子会社等 -> a non-shell CFC which meets the economic activity tests; which is a financial company; and therefore whose income partially included in the Japanese parent company's taxable income (hereinafter "a financial CFC")

部分対象外国関係会社 -> a non-shell CFC which meets the economic activity tests; which is not a financial company; and therefore whose income is partially included in the Japanese parent company's taxable income (hereinafter "a non-financial CFC") 

対象外国関係会社 -> a non-shell CFC which fails to meet any of the economic activity tests and therefore whose income is fully included in the Japanese parent company's taxable income (hereinafter "a test-failed CFC")

As you can see, they no longer are translations. Also, they should be described in the form of table or flow chart and may require more detailed explanations (e.g., the definition of "partial" income). Sachiko said that when translating terms of this kind, translators need to give readers two things; their precise definitions (i.e., the translation of not their original Japanese terms, but their intended meaning) and short and easy-to-understand terms (e.g., abbreviations). She also said that because these terms can't be translated "word-for-word," they may need to be translated differently depending on contexts. Sachiko wishes the day would come when such deciphering work would no longer be necessary.